*SHOW Grass Genera - items. 20-SEP-96.
 
*ITEM DESCRIPTIONS 
 
# Agrostis <L.>/
1<[I]Agraulus['I] P. Beauv., [I]Agrestis['I] Bub., [I]Anomalotis['I] Steud.,
[I]Bromidium['I] Nees, [I]Candollea['I] Steud., [I]Chaetotropis['I] Kunth,
[I]Decandolea['I] Batard, [I]Didymochaeta['I] Steud., [I]Lachnagrostis['I]
Trin., [I]Neoschischkinia['I] Tsvelev, [I]Notonema['I] Raf.,
[I]Pentatherum['I] Nabelek, [I]Podagrostis['I] (Griseb.) Scribn.,
[I]Senisetum['I] Koidz., [I]Trichodium['I] Michaux, [I]Vilfa['I] Adans.> 2,1/2
3<mostly>,(3-)5-100 4,2 5,2 6,2 7,1 8,0.2-10 11,1 12,2 13,5 14,1/2<e.g.,
[I]Bromidium['I]> 15,2 16,2 18,- 19,2 26,0.8-4 27,1 28,1 30,1/2 31,1<the hairs
less than 0.5 mm long>/2 33,2 34,2 35,2 36,2 37,1/2 38,1 39,1 44,1
45,1-2<usually truncate or emarginate, sometimes toothed via excurrent veins>
47,1/2/3 48<when present,>,1/3<[I]Bromidium['I]>/5<rarely> 49,2 50,2
51,1-2/3<<2%> rarely> 52,2 53,2 54,3-5 55<nearly always>,1 56,1/2/3 57,1 58,2
59,2 60,3 61,1 62,2 63,1 64,1 66,1 68,2 70,1 73,1/2 74,1 76,1/2 78,1 79,2 80,4
85<about>,220 86,1&2&3&4&5&6 87<Metcalfe 1960; this project> 88<ag01.gif
ag25.gif> 
 
# Andropogon <L.>/
1<[I]Anatherum['I] P. Beauv., [I]Arthrostachys['I] Desv., [I]Arthrolophis['I]
(Trin.) Chiov., [I]Dimeiostemon['I] Raf., [I]Eriopodium['I] Hochst.,
[I]Heterochloa['I] Desv., [I]Homoeatherum['I] Nees, [I]Leptopogon['I] Roberty>
2,1/2 3,8-250(-430) 4,2 5,1/2 7,1 9,1/2 11,1-2 12,2 13,2/5<usually with paired
or digitate `racemes', these often spatheate and aggregated into false
panicles> 15,1<often>/2 16,1 17,2 18,2 20,1 21,1 22,2 23,1 24,3/4<sometimes
reduced to their pedicels> 25<the pedicelled spikelets male or barren, usually
awnless, occasionally suppressed> 27,1/2/3 28,3 29,- 30,2 31,1 33,2 34,2 35,2
36,1/2<G[v2] sometimes aristate> 38,1-3 39,2 40,1 41,1 42,2 43,2 44,1
45,2<usually bifid> 47,3 48,1 49,1 50,2 51,2-3 52,2 54,1-3 55,1 56,3<hyaline>
57,1<tiny> 58,1 59,1/2 60,1-3 61,1 62,2 64,1 66,1 68,1 69,3<3 species> 70,2
73,1 74,2 75,1 76,1/2 78,5 79,6 84,5 85<about>,100 86,1&2&3&4 87<Metcalfe
1960; this project> 
 
# Anisopogon <R.Br.>/
2<oat-like>,2 3,60-110 4,2 6,2 7,2 8,2-3 11,2<the membrane short to relatively
long, hairy on the back> 12,2 13,5 14,1 15,2 16,2 18,- 19,2 26,40-60 27,1 28,1
30,1<the slender prolongation 6-8 mm long, in the palea groove> 31,1<about 6
mm long, with dense, white hairs> 33,2 34,2<the upper slightly longer> 35,2
36,2 37,2 38,7-9 39,1/2<usually with a single, abortive floret> 40,2 44,1 45,2
47,3 48,3 49,1 50,2 51,3<up to 8 cm long> 52,2<rounded on the back> 53,2 54,3
55,1 56,1<narrow, lanceolate> 57,1 58,2<two `stipoid' and larger, the third
smaller and flimsier> 59,2 60,3 61,2<sparingly so, towards the apex> 62,2/3
63,1 64,2 66,2 67,1/2 68,2 70,1 73,2 74,1 76,2 78,3 82,2 85,1 86,5 87<this
project> 
 
# Bambusa <Schreber>/
1<[I]Arundarbor['I] Kuntze, [I]Bonia['I] Balansa, [I]Criciuma['I] Soderstrom &
Londoo, [I]Dendrocalamopsis['I] (Chia & Fung) Keng f., [I]Eremocaulon['I]
Soderstrom & Londoo, [I]Guadua['I] Kunth, [I]Ischurochloa['I] Bse,
[I]Leleba['I] Nakai, [I]Lingnania['I] McClure, [I]Tetragonocalamus['I] Nakai
[X_] cf. Clayton and Renvoize (1986). Soderstrom and Ellis (1987) refer
[I]Criciuma['I], [I]Eremocaulon['I] and [I]Guadua['I] to their subtribe
Guaduinae, along with [I]Olmeca['I], and place [I]Tetragonocalamus['I] in the
Arundinariinae, but revised generic descriptions adequate for the present
purpose are not available> 2,2 3,(200-)500-3500 4,1 5,1 6,2 9,1 11,1-2 12,2
13<of pseudospikelets, these solitary or in tufts, fascicles or capitula on
leafless branches> 14,1 15,1 16,2 19,2 26,10-80 27,1-2 28,1 29,2 30,1 31,2
33,2 34,2 35,1 36,2 37,1 38,7-18 39,2 40,2/3 41,0-3<? [X_] fewer than 4> 42,2
43,2 44,1-20<[X-]`many'> 45,1 46,2 47,1<usually>/2<[I]Guadua['I]> 52,1-2
54,9-22 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,2 59,1 60,6 61,2 62,3<usually?> 66,2 68,2 70,1 71,1
72,1 73,1 74,3 76,2 78,2 79,4 81,15 85<about>,120 86,1&2&3&5 87<Metcalfe 1960;
this project> 
 
# Chloris <O. Swartz>/
1<[I]Actinochloris['I] Steud., [I]Agrostomia['I] Cerv., [I]Apogon['I] Steud.,
[I]Chloridopsis['I] Hack., [I]Chloropsis['I] Kuntze, [I]Chlorostis['I] Raf.,
[I]Geopogon['I] Steud., [I]Heterolepis['I] Boiss., [I]Leptochloris['I] Kuntze,
[I]Phacellaria['I] Steud., [I]Trichloris['I] Benth.> 2,1/2 3,10-300 4,2 6,2
7,1 11,2-3 12,2 13,2<rarely a single raceme> 14,- 15,2 16,2 18,1/2 19,1<on the
dorsiventral rachis> 20,2 26,1.8-5.5 27,1 28,1<the glumes usually persistent>
30,1 31,1<usually minute> 33,2 34,1<divergent> 35<(the longer) usually>,1 36,2
38,1-4 39,2 40,2<at least one of these conspicuous [X_] the spikelet `with two
florets'> 44,1<rarely 2> 45,1<truncate>/2 47,3 48,1<usually>/3<<5%>> 49,1/3
50,1 52,1 53,2 54,1-7 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2 60,3 61,1 62,2 63,1/2 64,1 66,1
67,1-3 68,1 69,1<6 species> 70,1 73,1 74,1/2 75,1/2 76,1/2 78,4 83,4
85<about>,55 86,1&2&3&5 87<Metcalfe 1960; this project> 88<ch19.gif> 
 
# Cynodon <Rich.>/
1<[I]Capriola['I] Adans., [I]Dactilon['I] Vill., [I]Fibichia['I] Koel.> 2,2
3,4-60(-100) 4,2 6,2 7,1 10,1 11,2<very short>/3 12,2 13,2 14,- 15,2 16,2 18,1
19,1 20,- 26,1.7-3 27,1 28,1/2 30,1/2<[I]C. incompletus['I]> 31,2 33,2 34,1-2
35,1 36,2 37,1 38,1/1-3 39,1<normally>/2 40<(when present)>,2 44,1 45,1 46,1/2
47,1 52,1 54,1-4 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2 60,3 61,1 62,2 63,2 64,1 66,1 67,3
68,1 69,2<2 species> 70,1 73,1 74,1/2 76,2 78,4 83,4 85,10 86,1&2&3&4&5&6
87<this project> 88<cy01.gif> 
 
# Echinochloa <P. Beauv.>/
1<[I]Ornithospermum['I] Dumoulin, [I]Tema['I] Adans.> 2,1/2 3,40-360 4,2 5,1/2
6,2 10,1/2 11<when present,>,3 12,2 13,2<the spikelets often hispid> 15,2 16,2
18<paired, or clustered in little secondary racemelets> 19,1 20,- 26,2.3-7
27,3 28,3 30,2 31,2 33,2 34,1 35<(the upper)>,1-2 36,1/2 38,5/7 39,2 40,1 41,1
42,1<<10%> rarely>/2 43,1/2 44,1 45,1 47,1<obtuse to apiculate> 52,2 53,1 54,5
55,1<the tip reflexed> 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2 60,3 61,1 62,2 63,2 64,1 66,1 68,1
69,3<3 species> 70,2 73,1 74,2 75,1 76,1 78,5 79,5 84,2 85,30-40 86,1&2&3&5
87<Metcalfe 1960; this project> 
 
# Eleusine <Gaertn.>/
2,1/2<the culms flattened> 3,10-150 4,2 6,2 7,1 11,2 12,2 13,2
14,1/2<sometimes forming a capitulum> 15,2 16,2 19,1 20,- 26,3.5-11 27,1
28,1/4<[I]E. coracana['I]> 29,2<except in [I]E. coracana['I]> 30,1 31,2 33,2
34,1 35,1 36,2 37,1 38,3-5(-7) 39,1/2 40,2 44,3-15 45,1 46,1/2 47,1-2 52,1
54,3 55,1 57,1 58,1/2 59,2 60,3 61,1 62,2 63,1/3 64,1<0.9-2 mm long> 65,1 66,1
67,1 68,1 69,2<2 species> 70,1 73,1 74,1 76,2 78,4 83,4 85,9 86,1&2&3&4&6
87<Metcalfe 1960; this project> 88<el01.gif> 
 
# Festuca <L.>/
1<[I]Amphigenes['I] Janka, [I]Anatherum['I] Nabelek, [I]Argillochloa['I]
Weber, [I]Bucetum['I] Parnell, [I]Drymochloa['I] Holub, [I]Drymonaetes['I]
Fourr., [I]Festucaria['I] Fabric., [I]Gnomonia['I] Lunell, [I]Gramen['I]
Krause, [I]Hellerochloa['I] Rauschert, [I]Leiopoa['I] Ohwi, [I]Lojaconoa['I]
Gand., [I]Nabelekia['I] Roshev., [I]Wasatchia['I] M. E. Jones> 2,2 3,2-200 4,2
5,2 6,2 7,1-2 8,0.2-15 11,1<sometimes ciliolate> 12,2<[I]Leucopoa['I] being
excluded> 13,5 14,1<usually>/2<<15%> rarely> 15,2 16,2 18,- 19,2 26,3-20 27,1
28,1 29,2 30,1 31,2 33,2 34,1 35,1 36,2 37,1-2 38,(1-)3-5 39,2 40,2
44,2-14<rarely 1> 45,1/2 46<when entire>,1/2 47,1/2/3 48<when present,>,1
49,1/3 50,1 51,1<usually>/2<sometimes, rarely somewhat longer> 52,2 54,3-7
55,1 56,1 57,1 58,2 59,1/2 60,3 61,1/2 62,2 63,1 64,1/2/3 66,2<usually about
as long as the grain, but sometimes elliptical and only half as long> 68,2
70,1 73,1/2 74,1 76,1/2 78,1 79,2 80,7 85,360<or more> 86,1&2&3&4&5&6
87<Metcalfe 1960; this project; Aiken [I]et al.['I] 1985> 
 
# Oryza <L.>/
1<[I]Padia['I] Moritzi> 2,1/2 3,30-300 4,2 6,2 7,1-2 9,1/2 11,1 12,2 13,5<axes
usually wavy, the spikelets appressed>/2<the primary branches often reduced to
racemes> 14,1 15,2 16,2 18,- 19,2 26,4-12 27<strongly>,1 28,1<i.e. above the
pedicel cup representing them>/- 30,2 31,2 32,1-2<represented only by a small
2-lobed cupule> 33<if present,>,2 34,2 35,1 36,2 38,0 39,2 40,1 41,2<small,
vestigial, no more than half the spikelet length, sometimes only bristles>
42,2 43,2 44,1 45,1 46,1 47,1/2/3 48<when present,>,1 49,3 50,1 51,1-3
52<strongly>,1 54,3-9 55,1 56,1<but narrower than the lemma> 57,1 58,2<but the
membranous flange may be narrow> 59,2 60,6 61,1 62,2 64,1/2/3 66,2 68,2 70,1
71,1 72,2 73,1 74,3 76,2 78,2 79,3 81,1 85,25 86,1&2&3 87<Metcalfe 1960; this
project> 
 
# Panicum <L.>/
1<[I]Chasea['I] Nieuw., [I]Coleataenia['I] Griseb., [I]Dileucaden['I] (Raf.)
Steud., [I]Eatonia['I] Raf., [I]Eriolytrum['I] Kunth, [I]Milium['I] Adans.,
[I]Monachne['I] P. Beauv., [I]Phanopyrum['I] (Raf.) Nash, [I]Polyneura['I]
Peter, [I]Psilochloa['I] Launert, [I]Setiacis['I] S.L. Chen and Y.X. Jin
(?[X_] original description inadequate)> 2,1/2<but no overwintering rosette
[X_] by contrast with [I]Dichanthelium['I]> 3,20-400 4,1/2 5,1/2 6,1/2
9,1<<2%> rarely>/2 11,1/2-3 12,2 13,5<except in the [I]Stolonifera['I] group,
where it consists of racemes and the distinction from [I]Brachiaria['I] breaks
down> 14,1/2 15,2 16,2 18,- 19,2<except the American Agrostoidea group,
`[I]Psilochloa['I]', etc.> 26,1.4-6 27,3<with very few exceptions: e.g. [I]P.
hemitomum['I]> 28,3/4 30,2<very rarely prolonged, e.g. occasionally in [I]P.
heliophilum['I]: Zuloaga and Morone 1991> 31,2 33,2 34<nearly always>,1
35<(the longer)>,2 36<nearly always>,2<the G[v2] truncate to pointed, very
rarely shortly awn-tipped> 38,3-9 39<nearly always>,2 40,1 41,1<rarely 2>
42,1/2 43,2 44,1 45,1 46,1/2 47,1<rarely minutely apiculate> 52,2 53,1 54,3-11
55,1 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2 60,3 61,1 62,2 63,2 64,1 66,1<linear in (e.g.) [I]P.
glutinosum['I], [I]P. macranthum['I], [I]P. pilgerianum['I] =
[I]Psilochloa['I]> 68,1/2 69,1<5 species>/2<14 species>/3<4 species> 70<when
biochemically tested,>,1<C[v3], or C[v4] NAD-ME or PCK>/2<NADP-ME> 73,1/2
74,1/2 75,1/2 76,1/2<rarely> 78,5 79,5 84,2 85<about>,370 86,1&2&3&5&6
87<mainly Metcalfe 1960 and this project> 
 
# Phragmites <Adans.>/
1<[I]Czernya['I] Presl, [I]Miphragtes['I] Nieuwland, [I]Oxyanthe['I] Steud.,
[I]Trichoon['I] Roth, [I]Xenochloa['I] Roem. & Schult.> 2,2 3,60-400<[X-]1000
cm> 4,1-2<often somewhat persistent> 5,1<especially when main culm damaged>/2
6,2 7,2-3 8,6-50 9,2 11,3 12,2 13,5 14,1<20-60 cm long, plumose, the fertile
lemmas surrounded by long white silky hairs> 15,2 16,2 18,- 19,2 26,9-16 27,1
28,1<at least above the L[v1]> 29,2 30,1 31,1<with long fine silky hairs> 33,2
34,1 35,1 36,2 37,2<rounded on the back> 38,3-5 39,2 40,3 41,1 42,1<the
stamens often 2>/2 43,2 44,(2-)3-10 45,1 46,1< acute to acuminate or
aristulate> 47,1/3<narrow-attenuate, muticous to aristulate> 48<(if lemmas
aristulate)>,1 49,3 50,1 51,1 52,2 54,1-3 55,1 56,2 57,1 58,1 59,1/2 60,3 61,1
62,2 63,3 64,1 66,1 68,2 70,1 71,1 73,1 74,2 76,2 78,3 82,5 85,3 86,1&2&3&5&6
87<Metcalfe 1960; this project> 
 
# Poa <L.>/
1<[I]Arctopoa['I] (Griseb.) Probat., [I]Neuropoa['I] Clayton, [I]Oreopoa['I]
Grand., [I]Paneion['I] Lunell, [I]Parodiochloa['I] C.E. Hubb.,
[I]Poagrostis['I] Raf.> 2,1/2 3,(1-)4-150 4,2 5,2 7,1/2<often ending in a
boat-shaped tip> 8,0.2-12<rarely wider> 11,1/2<<10%> rarely> 12,2<<95%>>/3<or
gynodioecious, in subgenus [I]Andinae['I]> 13,5 14,1/2 15,2 16,2 18,- 19,2
26,2-11 27,1 28,1 29,2 30,1 31,1/2 33,2 34,2/1-2<nearly always `subequal',
with the G[v1] somewhat shorter> 35,1 36,2 37,1 38,(1-)3(-5) 39,1/2 40,2
44,(1-)2-13(-15)<the one-floreted species very unusual, perhaps restricted to
Malesia> 45<nearly always>,1<very rarely tridenticulate> 46,1 47,1/2<2[X-]3 mm
terminal `awns' in a very few species, e.g. in the southern South American
[I]P. flabellata['I]> 52,1 53,2 54,(3-)5/7-11<<2%> rarely, e.g. in the
Australian [I]Neuropoa['I]> 55,1 56,1/2 57,1 58,2 59<nearly
always>,2<occasionally ciliolate> 60,3 61,1 62,2 63,1 64,1 66,1 68,2 70,1 73,1
74,1 76,1/2 78,1 79,2 80,7 85<about>,500 86,1&2&3&5&6 87<mainly Metcalfe 1960;
this project> 
 
# Zea <L.>/
1<[I]Mays['I] Miller, [I]Mayzea['I] Raf., [I]Reana['I] Brignoli,
[I]Thalysia['I] Kuntze. = [I]Zea mays['I] subsp. [I]mays['I]> 2<robust>,1
3,200-450 4,2 6,2 11,2 12,1 13,-<peculiar: the female axillary, comprising a
stout, spicate spadix with spikelets in few to several longitudinal rows,
terminating in a tuft of long pendulous styles (`silks'); the male spikelets
in terminal panicles of spiciform `tassels'> 14,- 15,2 16,2 18,2 19,2
20,1<male>/2<female> 25<male spikelets in pairs, two-flowered, with
many-nerved, membranous glumes. Lemmas and paleas hyaline, the florets with
three stamens and two cuneate lodicules> 27,2-3 28,4 30,2 31,2 33,2 34,2 35,2
36,2 37,- 38,0 39,2 40,1 41,1 42,2 43,2 44,1 47,1 52,2 54,3 55,1 56,1 57,2
60,0 61,1 62,2<at tip of style> 63,1-2<or green> 64,2 66,1 68,1 69,3 70,2 73,1
74,2 75,1 76,1 77,1 78,5 79,6 84,6 85,1 86,3 87<Metcalfe 1960; this project> 

